Ultrasound

Ultrasound

Ultrasound, also known as sonography, is a non-invasive diagnostic imaging procedure that uses high-frequency sound waves to create real-time images of internal organs, soft tissues, and blood flow. Ultrasound is safe, painless, and does not involve ionizing radiation, making it suitable for patients of all ages, including pregnant women.

Ultrasound is widely used across many medical specialties for diagnosis, monitoring, and guidance during medical procedures.

Purpose of an Ultrasound

An ultrasound examination is performed to:

evaluate internal organs such as the liver, kidneys, gallbladder, and bladder;

assess abdominal and pelvic conditions;

monitor pregnancy and fetal development;

examine muscles, tendons, and soft tissues;

assess heart structure and function (echocardiography);

evaluate blood flow in arteries and veins (Doppler ultrasound);

guide minimally invasive procedures such as biopsies or injections.

Types of Ultrasound Examinations

Common ultrasound studies include:

Abdominal Ultrasound – evaluation of abdominal organs;

Pelvic Ultrasound – assessment of reproductive organs;

Obstetric Ultrasound – monitoring pregnancy and fetal growth;

Musculoskeletal Ultrasound – imaging of muscles, joints, and tendons;

Vascular (Doppler) Ultrasound – assessment of blood circulation;

Breast and Thyroid Ultrasound – evaluation of soft tissue structures.

How the Ultrasound Is Performed

The patient lies comfortably on an examination table.

A clear gel is applied to the skin over the area being examined.

A handheld device called a transducer is moved over the skin.

Sound waves create real-time images displayed on a monitor.

The gel is removed after the procedure.

The examination typically lasts 15–45 minutes, depending on the area being evaluated.

Benefits of Ultrasound

non-invasive and painless;

no exposure to radiation;

real-time imaging for accurate assessment;

safe for repeated use;

suitable for adults, children, and pregnant patients.

Preparation for an Ultrasound

Preparation depends on the type of ultrasound and may include:

fasting for 6–8 hours before an abdominal ultrasound;

drinking water and having a full bladder for pelvic ultrasound;

wearing comfortable clothing for easy access to the examined area.

Patients will receive specific instructions prior to the appointment.

Safety and Risks

Ultrasound is considered extremely safe and has no known harmful effects when used appropriately. It does not use radiation or invasive techniques.

Results

After the ultrasound examination, patients receive:

real-time imaging reviewed by a specialist;

a written diagnostic report;

recommendations for further evaluation or treatment if needed.